Measuring the Psychobiological Correlates of Daily Experience in Adolescents.

Mapping the psychobiological correlates of social contexts, experiences, and emotional responses of adolescents in their daily lives provides insight into how adolescent well-being shapes, and is shaped by, experience. Measures of these psychobiological correlates are enabled by devices and technologies that must be precise and suitable for adolescent participants. The present report reviews the most often used research measures, and suggests strategies for best practice, drawn from practical experience. The rapid advances in technological methods to collect attuned measures of psychological processes, social context, and biological function indicate the promise for multimodal measures in ecological settings. Attaining these methodological goals will support research to secure comprehensive, quality data, and advance the understanding of psychobiological function in ambulatory settings.

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Self-Report: A Valid Instrument for the Identification of Emotional and Behavioral Problems.

OBJECTIVE: Validated questionnaires help community pediatric services to identify emotional and behavioral problems (EBPs). This study assesses the psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for the identification of EBPs in adolescents (13 to 14years old) and the added value of the SDQ parent-form version. METHODS: We obtained data on 500 adolescents (mean age 13.5 years) from community well-child services and schools. Adolescents completed the SDQ self-report and the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Parents completed the SDQ parent-form and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for their children. We assessed the internal consistency and validity using the YSR and CBCL as the criteria, and the degree to which the SDQ parent-form provides additional information by comparison with the self-report. RESULTS: The internal consistency of the SDQ total score was good (Cronbach's alpha, 0.75). Sensitivity and specificity using the YSR as the criterion were 0.75 and 0.91, respectively. When the CBCL was adopted as the criterion, these validity indices were lower. The SDQ parent-form does not provide additional information by comparison with self-reporting only when the YSR score is used as the criterion (odds ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-1.65); however, it does do so when the CBCL is the criterion (odds ratio, 10.9; 95% confidence interval, 4.23-27.9). CONCLUSIONS: The SDQ self-report is valid for the detection of EBPs in adolescents, and the SDQ parent-form provides additional information by comparison with the self-report. This indicates that it is useful to involve adolescents and their parents as informants for the identification of EBPs in adolescents.

Detecting Inconsistent Responding on the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Form.

The Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Form (YPI-S) is a convenient measure for assessing psychopathy in settings with constraints on resources. However, the YPI-S does not contain a means of detecting careless or random response styles. The present study describes the development and evaluation of an inconsistent responding scale for the YPI-S using five archival samples that vary in language (English, German, Italian, Dutch) and other participant characteristics (juvenile offenders, adolescent students). Inconsistency scores resulting from the new scale effectively distinguished genuine participant responses from randomly generated cases (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = .85-.90) and from cases in which 50% of original responses were replaced with random data (AUC = .75-.82). The associations between the YPI-S and theoretically relevant correlates were reduced among participants exceeding proposed cutoff scores for profile validity compared with associations among more consistent respondents.

Psychometric Properties of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale in Spanish Children and Adolescents.

The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) is one of the most used instruments to assess perfectionism. The FMPS assesses six dimensions: Concern over Mistakes (CM), Parental Expectations (EP), Parental Criticism (PC), Doubts about Actions (DA), Organization (OR), and Personal Standards (PS). CM, PE, PC, and DA are facets of a more general dimension considered Maladaptive Perfectionism. PS is frequently considered Adaptive Perfectionism. FMPS psychometric properties have been studied in adults but scarcely in children. We adapted the FMPS for Spanish children and adolescents and studied these properties in a sample of 1,648 Spanish young people (mean age = 13.36; SD = 2.28). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses were used to test whether the FMPS dimensions found in adults are applicable to children. Results supported this hypothesis. The FMPS dimensional structure was invariant across gender and age. FMPS subscales showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α: .71-.92) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlations: .70-.85). Moderate and high correlations with measures of dysfunctional beliefs, anxiety, and depression supported the validity of the FMPS scores. Results from regression equations showed that the relationship of perfectionism with anxiety and depression is mostly due to Maladaptive Perfectionism.

Validity of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version in Justice-Involved and At-Risk Adolescents.

The current study examined the reliability and validity of the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short Version (YPI-S) in two different samples of at-risk adolescents enrolled in a residential program ( n = 160) and at a detention facility ( n = 60) in the United States. YPI-S scores displayed adequate internal consistency and were moderately associated with concurrent scales on other self-report psychopathy measures and externalizing behaviors. YPI-S scores were moderately related to interviewer-ratings of the construct using the four-factor model of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version. Findings suggest that the YPI-S may be a clinically useful and valid tool for the assessment of psychopathic traits in juvenile settings. This may be particularly true given the differential predictive utility of each of its dimensions.

Development and Validation of the Youth Violence Potential Scale.

The assessment of violence risk among youth remains a priority for researchers and practitioners globally. The absence of scales designed or validated in developing countries drives the need for a psychometrically sound, alternative measure. The purpose of this article is to validate the Youth Violence Potential Scale (YVPS). The YVPS was administered twice over 12 months to 318 South African males, aged 12-24 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of separate samples confirmed a 19-item, three-factor solution, comprised of a Deviant Peers subscale, a Pro-Gangs Attitude subscale, and a Pro-Violence Attitude subscale. The YVPS exhibited internal reliability (α = .91) and discriminant and convergent validity among its subscales. Correlation with self-reported problem behavior/offending (r = .48, p < .001) and risk assessment from the maternal caregiver (r = .39, p < .001) evidenced concurrent and external validity.

The Centrality of Events Scale in Portuguese Adolescents: Validity Evidence Based on Internal Structure and on Relations to Other Variables.

We explored the measurement model of the adolescent version of the Centrality of Event Scale and its invariance across community ( n = 1,079; 42.8% male), referred for foster care ( n = 205; 58.0% male), and detained ( n = 206 male) adolescent participants. Results indicated a three-factor measurement model, including all three functions that memories of significant life events may have, as a good fit to our data, particularly for male participants. This measurement model was invariant across boys taken from those different samples but not across gender. As for the short version of the instrument, a one-factor solution was the best fit to our data. It was invariant across boys taken from those different samples and across gender. Boys and girls expressed similar experiences, whereas community male adolescents reported the lowest impact of a meaningful event, in comparison with referred and with detained boys. These findings provide evidence on the validity of the scale for use with diverse adolescent samples, which may contribute for a better understanding of the impact that significant life events may have on the development of gender-specific and group-specific vulnerabilities.

Psychometric properties of Basic Empathy Scale among female juvenile delinquents and school youths.

Research on empathy often distinguishes between affective and cognitive empathy, but there is limited knowledge regarding the application or measurement of these two dimensions of empathy among female youth, especially forensic samples of female youth. The main aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) among a Portuguese sample of female youths (N=377), composed of incarcerated female juvenile offenders (n=103) and school youths (n=274). The two-factor structure of the BES obtained a good fit among the school sample, but the fit among the forensic sample was poor. Both samples demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in terms of Cronbach's alpha, omega coefficient, mean inter-item correlations, corrected item-total correlation range, and criterion validity. However, some caution is advised when using the BES with female youth involved in the juvenile justice system, particularly with incarcerated female youth.

Predictors of sexual aggression in adolescents: gender dominance vs. rape supportive attitudes / Predictores de la agresión sexual en adolescentes: dominancia de género vs. actitudes favorables hacia la violación

This study explored the relationship between sexual double standard and rape supportive attitudes in regard to an individual's likelihood to perpetrate sexual aggression. We examined an adolescent sample of 448 boys from Peru, of whom 148 (33.3%) reported to have committed sexual aggression. Sexual contact with an unwilling partner was perpetrated by 24.8% of the total sample, sexual coercion by 14.3%, attempted rape by 12.5%, and finally, rape was perpetrated by 10.3%. In all these types of aggression, the most frequent victim was a dating partner. Compared to non-aggressors, male aggressors reported more sexual double standard and supportive attitudes towards rape. Logistic regression analyses revealed that the most relevant variable in the prediction of sexual aggression was the subject having been a victim of sexual abuse during adolescence and having rape supportive attitudes. Our findings suggest that violent attitudes are more important than the endorsement of non-egalitarian beliefs (sexual double standard) in the perpetration of sexual violence. These findings provide data from Peru, which contribute to the worldwide data on risk factors for sexual aggression in adolescent males (AU)

Este estudio explora la relación entre el doble estándar sexual y las actitudes favorables hacia la violación en el riesgo de llevar a cabo un acto de agresión sexual. Se examinó una muestra de adolescentes formada por 448 chicos de Perú, de los cuales 148 (33.3%) informaron haber perpetrado agresión sexual. En concreto, el 24.8% informó haber perpetrado contactos sexuales sin el consentimiento de la víctima, el 14.3% había cometido actos de coerción sexual, el 12.5% intentó llevar a cabo violación y el 10.3% perpetró violación. La víctima más común de este tipo de abusos fueron las parejas ocasionales. En comparación con el grupo que nunca había agredido, los varones agresores informaron de mayor doble moral sexual y actitudes más positivas hacia la violación. Un análisis de regresión logística reveló que la variable más importante en la predicción de la agresión sexual fue haber sido víctima de abuso sexual durante la adolescencia y tener una actitud positiva hacia la violación. Los resultados sugieren que las actitudes hacia la violencia son más importantes que las creencias no igualitarias (doble moral sexual) en la realización de conductas sexuales violentas. Este hallazgo, al ofrecer información de Perú, se añade a los datos existentes a nivel mundial sobre los factores de riesgo de la agresión sexual en adolescentes varones (AU)

Spanish Validation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y).

Psychological inflexibility (PI) refers to the overarching and nonadaptive avoidance of thoughts and feelings. PI is a transdiagnostic process that is present in numerous psychopathologies, such as anxiety and mood disorders, addictive behaviors, and chronic pain, as presented by American adults and adolescents. Despite the high rates of depression and depressed mood among Spanish and Latino adolescents and the observed relation between PI and adjustment problems at this age, an instrument assessing PI in Spanish-speaking adolescents is lacking. In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of a Spanish adaptation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth with 483 students from Spain (mean age 13.89 years). The Spanish Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth proved to be a two-factor psychometrically sound instrument. Total PI scores correlated positively with depression and negatively with satisfaction with life. The predictive validity results showed cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance to be two interrelated but distinct processes that characterize PI.

Isolating Trait and Method Variance in the Measurement of Callous and Unemotional Traits.

To examine hypothesized influence of method variance from negatively keyed items in measurement of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, nine a priori confirmatory factor analysis model comparisons of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits were evaluated on multiple fit indices and theoretical coherence. Tested models included a unidimensional model, a three-factor model, a three-bifactor model, an item response theory-shortened model, two item-parceled models, and three correlated trait-correlated method minus one models (unidimensional, correlated three-factor, and bifactor). Data were self-reports of 234 adolescents (191 juvenile offenders, 43 high school students; 63% male; ages 11-17 years). Consistent with hypotheses, models accounting for method variance substantially improved fit to the data. Additionally, bifactor models with a general CU factor better fit the data compared with correlated factor models, suggesting a general CU factor is important to understanding the construct of CU traits. Future Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits analyses should account for method variance from item keying and response bias to isolate trait variance.

The Loneliness Questionnaire: Establishing Measurement Invariance Across Ethnic Groups.

A state of loneliness describes an individual's perception of having dissatisfying social connections to others. Though it is notable across the life span, it may have particularly deleterious effects in childhood and adolescence, leading to increased risk of emotional impairment. The current study evaluates a widely used test of loneliness, the Loneliness Questionnaire, for measurement invariance across ethnic groups in a large, representative sample of youth in the 2nd to 12th grades ( N = 12,344; 41% African American) in Mississippi. Analyses were conducted using multigroup confirmatory factor analysis following a published, sequential method to examine invariance in form, factor loadings, and item intercepts. Overall, our results indicated that the instrument was invariant across ethnicities, suggesting that youth with equivalent manifest scores can be discerned as having comparable levels of latent loneliness. The loneliness scores also corresponded significantly with depression and anxiety scores for most subsamples, with one exception. These findings are discussed in the context of previous results comparing levels of loneliness across ethnicities. Additionally, the broader context of the need to expand invariance studies in instrumentation work is highlighted.

Validity and reliability of the Cyber-aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYBA) / Validez y fiabilidad del Cuestionario de Ciberagresión para Adolescentes (CYBA)

Cybercrime is a growing and worrisome problem, particularly when it involves minors. Cyber-aggression among adolescents in particular can result in negative legal and psychological consequences for people involved. Therefore, it is important to have instruments to detect these incidents early and understand the problem to propose effective measures for prevention and treatment. This paper aims to design a new self-report, the Cyber-Aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents (CYBA), to evaluate the extent to which the respondent conducts aggressions through a mobile phone or the internet and analyse the factorial and criterion validity and reliability of their scores in a sample of adolescents from Asturias, Spain. The CYBA was administered to 3,148 youth aged between 12 and 18 years old along with three self-reports to measure aggression at school, impulsivity, and empathy. Regarding factorial validity, the model that best represents the structure of the CYBA consists of three factors (Impersonation, Visual-sexual Cyber-aggression, and Verbal Cyber-aggression and Exclusion) and four additional indicators of Visual Cyber-aggression-Teasing/Happy Slapping. Regarding criterion validity, the score on the CYBA correlates positively with aggression at school and impulsivity and negatively with empathy. That is the way cyber-aggression correlates with these three variables, according to previous empirical evidence. The reliability of the scores on each item and factor of the CYBA are adequate. Therefore, the CYBA offers a valid and reliable measure of cyber-aggression in adolescents (AU)

Los ciberdelitos constituyen un problema creciente y preocupante, sobre todo si están involucrados menores. Las ciberagresiones en adolescentes, en concreto, pueden generar consecuencias legales y psicológicas muy negativas para los implicados. Es importante, por tanto, disponer de instrumentos que permitan detectar precozmente estos hechos, así como comprender el problema de cara a plantear medidas eficaces para su prevención y tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar un nuevo autoinforme, denominado Cuestionario de Ciberagresión para Adolescentes (CYBA), para evaluar en qué medida el informante ejerce agresiones a través del teléfono móvil o Internet y analizar la validez factorial y de criterio y la fiabilidad de sus puntuaciones en una muestra de adolescentes de Asturias (España). Para ello, se aplicó el CYBA a 3.148 jóvenes de 12 a 18 años, junto con tres autoinformes para medir agresión escolar offline, impulsividad y empatía. Respecto a la validez factorial, el modelo que mejor representa la estructura del CYBA es el compuesto por tres factores (suplantación, ciberagresión visual-sexual y ciberagresión verbal/exclusión) y otros cuatro indicadores de ciberagresión visual-burlas/happy slapping. Respecto a la validez de criterio, la puntuación en el CYBA correlaciona de manera positiva con agresión escolar offline e impulsividad y negativa con empatía, tres variables con las que la evidencia empírica previa indica que correlaciona la ciberagresión. La fiabilidad de las puntuaciones en cada ítem y factor del CYBA son adecuadas. Por todo ello, se concluye que el CYBA ofrece una medida válida y fiable de ciberagresión en adolescentes (AU)

Convivir con los límites: en el hospital de día como experiencia terapéutica para adolescentes con trastorno límite de la personalidad / Living with the limits: the day care hospital as therapeutic experience for teens with borderline personality disorder

No disponible

La 'potencialidad psicótica' y el efecto de encuentro con la adolescencia / ‘Psychoticpotentiality’ and the effect of the encounter with adolescence

En el trabajo psíquico de la adolescencia tienen un lugar fundamental los procesos de simbolización-re-simbolización y la reestructuración de las identificaciones. Cuando se producen fallos y fisuras en tales procesos se puede manifestar una ‘potencialidad psicótica’ que señala un conflicto interno del yo. Esta organización de la psique, efecto de una escisión del yo, puede no dar lugar a síntomas psicóticos manifiestos y permite al sujeto funcionar con una aparente y frágil normalidad; pero ante un encuentro traumático, como por ejemplo, las consecuencias de la metamorfosis de la pubertad, puede pasarse de lo potencial a lo manifiesto. El caso clínico de Andrés muestra cómo en la re-significación adolescente se realiza el pasaje de una ‘potencialidad psicótica’ a un ‘funcionamiento psicótico’ manifiesto. También se produce un cambio psíquico a través de su proceso analítico (AU)

In the psychic work of adolescence, the processes of symbolization/re-symbolization and the restructuring of identifications play a central role. When failures and fissures occur in these processes, this may give rise to a ‘psychotic potentiality’, signaling an internal ego conflict. This organization of the psyche, the effect of ego splitting, may not lead to manifest psychotic symptoms, allowing the subject to function with an apparent and fragile normality; but faced with a traumatic encounter, such as for example, the effects of the metamorphosis of puberty, this can move from potential to manifest. The clinical case of Andrés demonstrates how in adolescent resignification the transition from a ‘psychotic potentiality’ to a manifest ‘psychotic functioning’ takes place. Psychic change also occurs by means of the analytic process (AU)

Autoconcepto, actividad física y familia: Análisis de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales / Self-concept, physical activity and family: analysis of a structural equation model / Autoconceito, actividade física e família: análise de um modelo de equações estruturais

El presente estudio fue realizar un análisis psicosocial del autoconcepto en adolescentes españoles, considerando de manera simultánea variables personales, familiares, académicas y físico-deportivas. Los participantes fueron 2.134 adolescentes de ambos sexos, procedentes de veinte centros educativos de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria, con edades comprendidas entre los 15 y 18 años. Se llevó a cabo un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que explica la varianza en un 63.12% y se explora el efecto que tenía la práctica de actividad física, sobre las dimensiones del Test de Autoconcepto Forma-5 (AF-5) de García y Musitu (1999). Los resultados, señalan que el modelo se ajusta correctamente, y que de todas las dimensiones la familiar es la que mayor peso presenta, y la práctica de actividad física no es causa del resto de variables de este modelo (AU)

This study was made to carry out a psychosocial analysis of self-concept in Spanish adolescents, simultaneously considering personal, physical, sports, family and academic variables. The participants were 2,134 adolescents of both genders, from twenty Secondary Schools, aged between 15 and 18 years old. A structural equation model was made that explained the variance at 63.12% and explored the effect that physical activity had using the dimensions of the Autoconcepto Forma-5 (AF-5) Test by García and Musitu (1999). The results show that the model was correctly adjusted and that, out of all the dimensions, family has the greatest weight and that the practice of physical activity is not a cause of other variables in the model (AU)

O presente estudo visou realizar uma análise psicossocial do autoconceito em adolescentes espanhóis, considerando simultaneamente variáveispessoais, familiares académicas e físico-desportivas. Os participantes foram 2.134 adolescentes de ambos os sexos, precedentes de vinte centros educativasde Educação Secundária Obrigatória, com idades compreendidas entre os 15e os 18 anos. Foi realizado um modelo de equações estruturas que explica63.12% da variância, explorando-se de igual modo o efeito que teria a prática de actividade física, sobre as dimensões do Teste de Autoconceito Forma-5(AF-5) de García e Musitu (1999). Os resultados, demonstram que o modelo se ajusta correctamente, e que de todas as dimensões, a familiar é a quemaior peso apresenta, e a prática de actividade física não é causa das restantes variáveis deste modelo

Tratamiento de adolescentes con trastorno límite en un hospital de día mediante técnicas de la psicoterapia focalizada en la transferencia (TFP) / Day clinic treatment of adolescent borderline patients using the techniques of the transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP) for adolescents / Estudi de prevalença de possible trastorn per dèficit d’atenció i hiperactivitat en nens preescolars

En este artículo se presenta un programa especializado de tratamiento en hospitales de día del Departamento de Psiquiatría Infantil y Juvenil de la Universidad de Colonia de adolescentes con trastorno límite basado en la terapia focalizada en la transferencia (TFP) de Kernberg. Este tratamiento se basa en la definición e interpretación de las díadas de relaciones de objeto del paciente que se dan en la transferencia con el terapeuta, que constituyen la base de sus dificultades y síntomas. Una modificación del tratamiento con los jóvenes es la implicación de los padres, así como las particularidades incluidas en los acuerdos contractuales. Junto con consideraciones conceptuales, se debaten las primeras experiencias acumuladas en el tratamiento en hospitales de día

This paper introduces a specialized day-treatment program for borderline adolescents offered by the child and adolescent psychiatry department of the university clinic of Cologne, based on O. Kernberg‘s concept of transference-focused psychotherapy (TFP). TFP focuses on defining and interpreting the central object relation dyads of the adolescent that appear through transference on the therapist. These dyads are the basis of difficulties and symptoms in these juvenile borderline patients. Including the parents in treatment is one modification of TFP for youth that is presented, along with other modifications in the treatment contract. Conceptual considerations are discussed, and first experiences of the day clinic treatment are described

El nostre ob­jectiu és realitzar un estudi pilot clínic i epidemiològic de trastorn per dèficit d’atenció i hiperactivitat (TDAH) en la població escolar. El mètode emprat ha estat un estudi poblacional multicèntric. Vam avaluar 1.171 preescolars, el 4,1% dels quals corresponien a un possible cas de TDAH. Els possibles factors associats a una presència de sospita de TDAH han estat an­tecedents familiars de TDAH, consum de tabac en l’embaràs i antecedents de dificultats en el desenvolupament psicomotor. És important realitzar una detecció precoç del TDAH en l’època preescolar per iniciar de manera primerenca intervencions efectives

Reflexiones sobre el trauma en el vínculo y su expresión a través del cuerpo adolescente / Reflections on traumatic bonding and its expression through the teen body / Reflexions sobre el trauma en el vincle i la seva expressió mitjançant el cos adolescent

En el presente artículo se reflexiona entorno al vínculo traumático de la primera infancia que se revive en la adolescencia y cómo se observa la manifestación de dicha problemática a través del cuerpo. El aumento de adolescentes que consultan por autoagresiones en el Centro de Salud Mental Infanto-Juvenil (CSMIJ) ha motivado el tratar de entender con más profundidad esta manifestación psicopatológica actual. Se ilustran las reflexiones teóricas con un resumen del tratamiento de psicoterapia focalizada en la transferencia (TFP) semanal de una paciente joven en el CSMIJ de L’Hospitalet de Llobregat

In this article we reflect on the traumatic bonding in early childhood and on how this is revived in adolescence and the ways in which this problem manifests itself through the body in observable ways. An increase in the number of adolescents presenting with self-harm at the Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CSMIJ) spurred this attempt to try to come to a deeper understanding of this contemporary psychopathological manifestation. We illustrate our theoretical reflections with a summary of a weekly Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) for a young patient at the Mental Health Center For Children And Youth of L’Hospitalet de Llobregat

En el present article es reflexiona entorn el vincle traumàtic de la primera infància que es reviu a l’adolescència i com s’observa la manifestació d’aquesta problemàtica a través del cos. L’augment d’adolescents que consulten per autoagressions en un centre de salut mental infantil i juvenil (CSMIJ) ha motivat tractar d’entendre amb més profunditat aquesta manifestació psicopatològica actual. S’il·lustren les reflexions teòriques amb un resum del tractament amb psicoteràpia focalitzada en la transferència (TFP) setmanal d’una pacient jove en el CSMIJ de l’Hospitalet de Llobregat

Reliability generalization study of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for children and adolescents.

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for children and adolescents (CY-BOCS) is a frequently applied test to assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms. We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on the CY-BOCS to estimate the average reliability, search for reliability moderators, and propose a predictive model that researchers and clinicians can use to estimate the expected reliability of the CY-BOCS scores. A total of 47 studies reporting a reliability coefficient with the data at hand were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed good reliability and a large variability associated to the standard deviation of total scores and sample size.

Entrenamiento en habilidades sociales y tratamiento de adolescentes con fobia social generalizada / Social skills training and treatment of adolescents with generalized social phobia

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) comparar la magnitud de los déficit en habilidades sociales de los adolescentes de la muestra respecto a los informados en otros estudios y 2) aportar pruebas respecto a qué parte de los efectos generados por la "Intervención en adolescentes con fobia social" (IAFS) puede ser atribuidos al entrenamiento en habilidades sociales (EHS). Participaron 41 adolescentes (63,41% mujeres), de entre 14 y 17 años (M=14,05; DT= 1,3), que cumplieron los criterios para el diagnóstico con fobia social generalizada (FSG). Los sujetos fueron asignados aleatoriamente a cada una de las condiciones experimentales para el tratamiento de la FSG, G1: IAFS completo y G2: IAFS sin el componente de EHS. Los resultados muestran que: (i) se presentaron déficit en habilidades sociales similares a los hallados para la población con FSG; (ii) se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas a favor del grupo con EHS, siendo los tamaños del efecto intragrupo muy superiores en éste frente a los del grupo sin EHS. El papel del EHS se muestra muy relevante

The objectives of this study were 1) comparing the magnitude of the deficit in social skills of adolescent in the simple as compared to those reported in other studies, and 2) providing evidence on which effects generated by the programme for "Intervention for adolescents with social phobia" (IASP) can be attributed to the component of social skills training (SST). Accordingly, we designed an investigation with a treatment group in which the entire program applies IASP (G1) and another group (G2) in which the SST component was removed. The sample consisted of 41 Spanish adolescents with a mean age of 14.95 years (SD: 1.3, range: 14-18), with a majority of girls (63,41%). All met the criteria required for the diagnosis of Generalized Social Phobia (GSP). The results show that: (i) The subjects in our sample show deficits in social skills similar to those found for the population with GSP magnitudes; (ii) Statistically significant differences between groups in favor of G1 were found. The intra-group effect sizes were much higher in the group with SST. The role of SST is very relevant